Digital Verbum Edition
Scarcely any book of the New Testament (with the possible exception of Revelation) is so perplexing as the Letter to the Hebrews. Not really a letter, but a sermon with some features of a letter added to it, not really by its putative author, Paul, but by an anonymous Christian who wrote some of the most elegant Greek in the Bible, not really addressed to the Hebrews, but to Christians, probably in Rome—this is the work that Alan Mitchell explains in this commentary.
Many scholars have written fine commentaries on Hebrews, and Mitchell stands on their shoulders, noting where he proposes alternate interpretations. Mitchell pays particular attention to the reliance of the author of Hebrews on the Greek Old Testament (the Septuagint). He also compares the language of Hebrews with similar usage and ideas of first-century Hellenistic Jewish authors, notably Flavius Josephus and Philo of Alexandria. Furthermore, he situates Hebrews against the background of the tradition of Hellenistic Moral Philosophy, where that is appropriate. Mitchell thus locates Hebrews in its proper thought-world, something that is essential for the modern reader in dealing with some of the thornier questions raised by this biblical book. Chief among these are the role of sacrificial atonement, the question of second repentance, and the spiritual and moral formation of the Roman Christians who were its recipients.
Like all the volumes in the Sacra Pagina series, this work examines the text in detail, with careful attention to the words and phrasing, and then brings those individual insights together into a coherent summary. The bibliography and special lists appended to each chapter cover the best of recent scholarship on the Letter to the Hebrews.
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Sacra Pagina: Hebrews was a 2008 Catholic Press Association Award Winner!
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“The application of Psalm 8 to Jesus in 2:5–9 performed an important function in showing that God’s plan for humans was not frustrated, but was brought to fulfillment in the Son’s death.” (Page 78)
“polymerōs connotes that the past revelation of God consisted of many parts.” (Page 35)
“In the West, Pauline authorship was not favored until the time of Augustine (City of God 16.22; On Christian Doctrine 2.8.13). Jerome acknowledged the difficulties of ascribing authorship to Paul, due to the difference in the style of Hebrews from the other Pauline letters. Nevertheless, he believed that Paul was its author and suggested that he could not put his name on the letter because it was written to Hebrews, who held Paul in disrepute.” (Page 3)
“The Hellenistic Greek paideia tradition stressed the idea of learning discipline through suffering. Sometimes this was expressed in a gnomic statement, mathein pathein, ‘to suffer is to learn’” (Page 111)
“The substance of faith, then, is not something the believer can produce at will, because it rests on a reality that transcends the individual.” (Page 228)
Alan C. Mitchell is associate professor of New Testament Studies and Christian Origins at Georgetown University and is director of the Annual Georgetown University Institute on Sacred Scripture. He is a member of the Society of Biblical Literature and Catholic Biblical Association.